Apa Hamida Begum

1. Wife of Humayun:
   Hamida Banu Begum married Humayun in 1541 when she was around 14 years old. This marriage was politically and symbolically significant.

2. Mother of Akbar:
   She gave birth to Akbar in 1542 in Umerkot (present-day Pakistan) while she and Humayun were fleeing from enemy forces.

3. Role in Akbar’s Life:
   She played a key role in Akbar’s upbringing and remained an influential figure in his court. She was deeply respected by Akbar.

4. Mention in the Akbarnama:
   The Akbarnama, written by Abul Fazl, frequently refers to her as Maryam Makani (meaning “epitome of innocence and compassion”). This was a title given to her posthumously by Akbar.

5. Religious and Cultural Influence:
   Hamida Banu was a devout Muslim and known for her wisdom, charity, and influence in Mughal politics, though she stayed mostly out of public affairs.

6. Patronage and Political Role:
   She accompanied Humayun during his exile and return to India. Her loyalty and support were crucial during turbulent times.

7. Death and Legacy:
   She died in 1604 and was buried in Humayun’s Tomb in Delhi. Her death was a major event in Akbar’s later life, and she was given a state funeral.

Books Where She Is Mentioned:

• Akbarnama by Abul Fazl

• Humayun-nama by Gulbadan Begum (her sister-in-law)

• The Mughal Empire by John F. Richards

• Mughal India by Annemarie Schimmel

• The Great Mughals and Their India by Dirk Collier

Would you like a short biography or a timeline of her life?